Changes in the population did not (in fact) affect the population density, still there are 123 people per 1 km2 of the area; in urban areas, it is 1,047 and in rural areas 53.

The highest natural increase has been observed for years in the Pomorskie voivodship – in 2018 amounted to 1.8‰, the next was the Małopolskie voivodship (1.6‰) – these voivodships are characterized by one of the highest fertility and at the same time relatively for live mortality. In turn, the Mazowieckie voivodship over the years has been recording the highest rate of permanent internal and foreign migration (with the intensity of 3.1‰ in 2018) and one of the highest – intensity of births.

Until 2017, a positive annual growth also occurred in the Podkarpackie voivodship, currently there is observed a slight loss (-0.01%).

Thus, the number of inhabitants is already reduced in 12 voivodships. For over a dozen years this applies to voivodships: Łódzkie, Opolskie, Lubelskie, Ślaskie and Podlaskie; and since 2010 also in Świetokrzyskie and Zachodniopomorskie, and presently – Podkarpackie. For the last few years, the largest population decline has taken place in the Świętokrzyskie voivodship – in 2018 it was -0.5 %. There is highest – after Łódzkie voivodship – natural decline ratio of -3.1‰ and one of the highest negative ratio of net internal migration for permanent residence (-2.0‰).

The map shows the percentage of bachelors and brides among the population aged 15 and over. Percentage of the most singles (30.6%) live in Malopolska. The least in the following provinces: Łódź, Śląskie and Świętokrzyskie. There are the least bachelors and brides (below 28%).

Polish voivodships are diversified in terms of the share of population aged 65 and more. Data shows that in the years 2000–2018 the number of this population increased by over 2.5 million to 8.2 million. Regional diversity is slightly smaller - the oldest in 2018 was the province of Łódź with almost 19.5% share of people aged over 65 years, and the smallest percentage (15.9%) was recorded in the province Warmia-Mazury.

Life expectancy is geographically diverse, but voivodships characterized by the longest and shortest average duration of life of their inhabitants are the same in the case of both men and women. The longest duration of life is characteristic for the population of the Podkarpackie and Małopolskie voivodships (in 2018 these parameters were: for men – approx. 75.4 years, for women – in Podkarpackie slightly 83.2 years, in Małopolskie 82.9). In turn, the shortest is characteristic for the inhabitants of the Łódzkie (men 72 years old, and women under 80.7 years, little longer live men living in the Warmian-Masurian and women in Lubuskie and Śląskie.

Life expectancy is geographically diverse, but voivodships characterized by the longest and shortest average duration of life of their inhabitants are the same in the case of both men and women. The longest duration of life is characteristic for the population of the Podkarpackie and Małopolskie voivodships (in 2018 these parameters were: for men – approx. 75.4 years, for women – in Podkarpackie slightly 83.2 years, in Małopolskie 82.9). In turn, the shortest is characteristic for the inhabitants of the Łódzkie (men 72 years old, and women under 80.7 years, little longer live men living in the Warmian-Masurian and women in Lubuskie and Śląskie.

The death rate in Poland does not change significantly - it increases, but the growth rate is low and moderate monotonous; the death rate in 2018 was 10.8, i.e. by 0.3 pp. more than in 2017 (Chart 1). It is expected that the number and intensity of deaths will continue to increase due to systematic increase the number and percentage of people in the oldest age groups. Average annual number of deaths in the past twenty-first years the age was less than 380 thousand (death rate was around 10 ‰).